George Washington remains a presence in many sites across the United States, reflecting not only the past but who we are today. Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac Loftus welcome historian and archaeologist Philip Levy to examine the history, memory, and myths that surround the nation’s first founding father. Relevant Links: The Permanent Resident: Excavations and Explorations of George Washington’s Life by Philip Levy - https://www.upress.virginia.edu/title/5491/ George Washington’s Mount Vernon – https://www.mountvernon.org Ferry Farm - https://kenmore.org Mason Locke Weems - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mason-Locke-Weems Cherry Tree Myth - https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/cherry-tree-myth/ Benson Lossing - https://www.library.illinois.edu/rbx/2015/02/20/benson-lossing-artist-historian-author/ George Washington Birthplace - https://www.nps.gov/gewa/index.htm History and Memory - https://commonplace.online/article/historians-and-memory/#:~:text=owned%2C%20history%20interpreted.-,Memory%20is%20passed%20down%20through%20generations%3B%20history%20is%20revised.,contexts%20in%20all%20their%20complexity. Wig Curlers - https://livesandlegaciesblog.org/2017/09/22/how-many-curlers-did-a-harried-hairdresser-need-lets-do-the-math/ Betty Washington Lewis - https://encyclopediavirginia.org/11535hpr-a6fe6bc9be77d33/ Mary Ball Washington - https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/mary-ball-washington/ Yard Birds: The Lives and Times of America’s Urban Chickens by Philip Levy - https://www.upress.virginia.edu/title/5315/ To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

In the eighteenth century, native Americans were involved in a global trade network with Britain, France, and Spain on the North American continent. Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac Loftus welcome historical interpreter Beau Robbins to discuss power structures, trade relations, and the economy in colonial America. Everything 2c4h at 2c4hpod.com Relevant Links: www.BeauRobbins.com http://www.thefounderslive.com History of Florida - https://dos.fl.gov/florida-facts/florida-history/ Westward expansion - https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/resource-library-westward-expansion/# Seven Years War - https://www.britannica.com/event/Seven-Years-War Yamasee War - https://www.britannica.com/event/Yamasee-War Cherokee War - https://www.britannica.com/event/Cherokee-wars-and-treaties Seminole Wars - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Seminole-Wars Red Cloud’s War - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Red-Clouds-War Alexander McGillivray - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-McGillivray 1790 Treaty of New York - https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/treaty-of-new-york-1790/ Deerskins and Duffels: The Creek Indian Trade with Anglo-America, 1685-1815 by Kathryn Braund - https://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/nebraska-paperback/9780803218567/ Okfuskee: A Creek Indian Town in Colonial America by Joshua Piker - https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674022539 The McGillivray and McIntosh Traders: On the Old Southwest Frontier, 1716-1815 by Amos J. Wright - https://ugapress.org/book/9781603060141/the-mcgillivray-and-mcintosh-traders/ McGillivray of the Creeks by John Walton Caughey - https://uscpress.com/McGillivray-of-the-Creeks Lachlan McGillivray, Indian Trader: The Shaping of the Southern Colonial Frontier by Edward J. Cashin - https://ugapress.org/book/9780820340937/lachlan-mcgillivray-indian-trader/ James Monroe’s Highland - https://highland.org Hanover County - https://www.hanoverhistorical.org/history.html Hanover Tavern - https://www.roadtorevolution.com/hanover-tavern/ To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

In the American Civil War, the North and the South battled to create their own versions of a free nation. But who were the individuals in uniform, fighting and dying for their side? Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac Loftus welcome historian and author Kevin M. Levin as he explains why it has long been believed that black soldiers fought for the South, and why that story is nothing more than a myth. Kevin M. Levin Substack, “Civil War Memory” - https://kevinmlevin.substack.com Kevin M. Levin Website – https://cwmemory.com Searching for Black Confederates: The Civil War’s Most Persistent Myth - https://uncpress.org/book/9781469653266/searching-for-black-confederates/ The Army of Northern Virginia - https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/army-of-northern-virginia/ Battle of Gettysburg - https://www.battlefields.org/learn/civil-war/battles/gettysburg Alexander Stephens - https://www.loc.gov/item/2021669447/ Library of Congress Digital Collections - https://www.loc.gov/collections/ “Roots” - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0075572/ “Gone with the Wind” - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0031381/ David McCullough - https://www.simonandschuster.com/authors/David-McCullough/938 Historiography - https://www.britannica.com/topic/historiography Jefferson Davis - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jefferson-Davis Robert E. Lee - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-E-Lee Dr. Marcus P. Nevius podcast episode - https://open.spotify.com/episode/32PsszLeDLsT7DDCRRC5Er?si=010f470ca3bd46da Robert Gould Shaw - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Gould-Shaw 54th Massachusetts - https://www.nps.gov/articles/54th-massachusetts-regiment.htm To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

On April 14, 1865, Abraham Lincoln was shot while watching a play at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C. But what happened afterward? And how did Lincoln's Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stanton, play a crucial role? Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac Loftus welcome Steven Walters to discuss his popular podcast 1865 and post-Civil War America. Everything 2c4h at 2c4hpod.com Relevant Links: Steven Walters – https://m.imdb.com/name/nm2389157/bio/ 1865 - https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/1865/id1467256065 Abraham Lincoln - https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/abraham-lincoln/ John Wilkes Booth – https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Wilkes-Booth Edwin Booth - https://npg.si.edu/blog/edwin-booth-accomplished-actor-and-brother-john-wilkes  Lincoln assassination - https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/eyewitness/html.php?section=13 Co-conspirators - https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/eyewitness/html.php?section=13 Edwin M. Stanton - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edwin-M-Stanton Petersen House - https://www.nps.gov/foth/the-petersen-house.htm Andrew Johnson - https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/andrew-johnson/ 13th amendment - https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/13th-amendment 14th amendment - https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/14th-amendment 15th amendment - https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/15th-amendment Reconstruction - https://www.britannica.com/event/Reconstruction-United-States-history Freedmen’s Bureau - https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/FreedmensBureau.htm#:~:text=On%20March%203%2C%201865%2C%20Congress,including%20newly%20freed%20African%20Americans. Mary Surratt - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mary-Surratt The impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson - https://www.loc.gov/collections/century-of-lawmaking/articles-and-essays/century-presentations/impeachment/ John Mercer Langston - https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/langston-john-mercer-1829-1897/ Airship Podcast Productions - Airship.fm History Daily Podcast - https://www.historydaily.com/ Twitter: @StevenMWalters Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/1865podcast Produced by Primary Source Media (primarysourcemedia.com) To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Future doctors learn their craft through practice on deceased persons. But what if there aren’t enough bodies to go around? Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac Loftus welcome Chris Flook to explore the phenomenon of graverobbing in Indianapolis at the turn of the twentieth century for a spooky Halloween episode. Everything 2c4h at 2c4hpod.com Relevant Links: Chris Flook - https://www.bsu.edu/academics/collegesanddepartments/media/about-us/faculty-staff/flookchristopher Indianapolis Graverobbing: A Syndicate of Death: https://www.chrisflook.com/text/ Graverobbing Historical Marker - https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=210940 Rufus Cantrell - https://historicindianapolis.com/rufus-cantrell-intruder-in-the-dust/ The Knick - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2937900/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0_tt_6_nm_2_q_the%2520knick The Doctors Riot of 1788 - https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/gory-new-york-city-riot-shaped-american-medicine-180951766/ Dr. Goethe Link - https://dlib.indiana.edu/reference/cshm/ohrc078.html Produced by Primary Source Media (primarysourcemedia.com) To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Is it the government’s job to legislate the social behavior of its citizens? In the Progressive Era, many elites believed that it was, and they created institutions to “fix” noncompliance. Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac Loftus are joined by Dr. Erin Bush to discuss child delinquency and social control at the turn of the twentieth century. Everything 2c4h here. Check out our premium channel with other incredible shows here Produced by Primary Source Media To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

When George Washington was asked to describe himself, one of the first words he used was farmer. Farming was central to Washington’s identity, and enslaved people were central to Washington's farms. Isaac Loftus and Dr. Lynn Price Robbins welcome Dr. Bruce Ragsdale to discuss one of the most important, and underexplored, aspects of the life of our first president. Relevant Links: Washington at the Plow: The Founding Farmer and the Question of Slavery by Dr. Bruce Ragsdale - https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674246386 Eighteenth-Century Farming - https://www.mountvernon.org/the-estate-gardens/farm/18th-century-farming/ George Washington, the Farmer - https://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/farming/ Thomas Jefferson, the Farmer - https://www.monticello.org/thomas-jefferson/a-day-in-the-life-of-jefferson/attending-to-my-farm/ Tobacco in Colonial Virginia - https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/tobacco-in-colonial-virginia/ George Washington’s Farm Reports - https://crowd-media.loc.gov/cm-uploads/resources/GW_Farm_Reports_Essay_Miller_Mitchell.pdf George Washington and Slavery - https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/washington-george-and-slavery/ George Washington’s Last Will and Testament - https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/06-04-02-0404-0001 Slave Counterpoint: Black Culture in the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake and Lowcountry by Philip D. Morgan - https://uncpress.org/book/9780807847176/slave-counterpoint/  George Washington to James Anderson, 13 December 1799 - https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/06-04-02-0403-0001 Premium listening at Into History Produced by Primary Source Media To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

The name Benedict Arnold has become synonymous with the word traitor. But what role did his wife, Peggy Shippen Arnold, play in the plot to deliver West Point to the British army? Isaac Loftus and Dr. Lynn Price Robbins welcome Dr. Charlene Boyer Lewis, who asserts that Peggy deserves a more central role in the infamous spy story. Relevant Links: "America: The Motion Picture" - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6733874/ The Brady Bunch episode where Bobby has to play Benedict Arnold - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0531088/ Joseph Reed - https://archives.upenn.edu/exhibits/penn-people/biography/joseph-reed/ Edward Shippen IV - https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/shippen-family-philadelphia John Andre - https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Andre Joseph Stansbury - https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/stansbury-joseph "The Americans" television show - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2149175/ Fort Clinton (West Point) -  https://www.battlefields.org/visit/heritage-sites/fort-clinton HMS Vulture - https://snr.org.uk/the-case-of-h-m-s-vulture/ Dr. Charlene Boyer-Lewis’ book on Elizabeth Patterson Bonaparte - https://shop.mdhistory.org/elizabeth-patterson-bonaparte-an-american-aristocr.html TURN on AMC - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2543328/ Portrayal of John Andre actor - https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0270625/ Where to find Dr. Charlene Boyer Lewis - https://www.kzoo.edu/academic/faculty/profile/clewis/ To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

The Gilded Age. You may know it as an era in American history, but beyond that, it remains a mystery. Professor Greg Jackson, host of the podcast History That Doesn’t Suck, explains to Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus why the Gilded Age is actually a fascinating, relevant, and worthwhile area of study, as well as why Theodore Roosevelt was, “the most American American to ever America.” Check out everything 2c4h at 2c4hpod.com Check out our premium content at intohistory.com/2c4h Relevant Links: History That Doesn’t Suck - https://www.htdspodcast.com Night at the Museum - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0477347/ Airship - https://airship.fm Teddy Roosevelt - https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/theodore-roosevelt/ J. P. Morgan - https://www.britannica.com/biography/J-P-Morgan Patrick Henry - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Patrick-Henry Transcontinental railroad - https://www.loc.gov/collections/railroad-maps-1828-to-1900/articles-and-essays/history-of-railroads-and-maps/the-transcontinental-railroad/ Sears homes - http://www.searsarchives.com/homes/index.htm Gilded Age - https://www.britannica.com/event/Gilded-Age John Quincy Adams - https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/john-quincy-adams/ Andrew Jackson - https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/andrew-jackson/ Progressive Era - https://www.britannica.com/place/United-States/The-Progressive-era East India Company - https://www.britannica.com/money/topic/East-India-Company Ellis Island - https://www.statueofliberty.org/ellis-island/overview-history/ Andrew Carnegie - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Andrew-Carnegie William Howard Taft - https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/william-howard-taft/ Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 18 August 1803, “I infer that the less we say about constitutional difficulties respecting Louisiana the better.” - https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Madison/02-05-02-0343 Instagram - @historythatdoesntsuck Facebook -  https://www.facebook.com/historythatdoesntsuck Twitter - @HTDSpod To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Most of us studied the American Revolution in grade school. But what did other nations think about the event? Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus welcome Dr. Bertrand Van Ruymbeke to discuss how the American Revolution influenced the French people, the monarchy, and the future of the French nation Check out our ad free and bonus content over at: https://intohistory.com/2c4h For everything else 2 Complicated 4 History check out: 2c4hpod.com Relevant Links: America 2026 - https://www.america2026.eu/  Benjamin Franklin to Jacques Barbeu-Dubourg, 22 September 1769 - https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-16-02-0117 Affaires de l'Angleterre et de l'Amérique - https://dictionnaire-journaux.gazettes18e.fr/journal/0004-affaires-de-langleterre-et-de-lamerique Letters From a Pennsylvania Farmer - https://history.delaware.gov/john-dickinson-plantation/dickinsonletters/pennsylvania-farmer-letters/#:~:text=In%20a%20series%20of%20fourteen,living%20in%20the%20American%20Colonies Denis Diderot - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Denis-Diderot Jean-Jacques Rousseau – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jean-Jacques-Rousseau Mapping the Republic of Letters - https://www.neh.gov/humanities/2013/novemberdecember/feature/mapping-the-republic-letters Elizabeth Willing Powel - https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/elizabeth-willing-powel/ To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices